What is the leading cause of implant failure in hip arthroplasty?

• A. Aseptic loosening
• B. Dislocation at 22.5%.
• C. Wear debris
• D. Infection

Answer: (B)

Aseptic loosening is the most common reason hip implants fail. Over time, tiny wear particles (especially from polyethylene) trigger an inflammatory response in the surrounding bone. This reaction leads to osteolysis, or bone resorption, around the implant and weakens the bone-implant bond. As fixation deteriorates, the implant becomes loose, causes pain, and often requires revision surgery.

Dislocation is a notable complication and can occur after surgery, but it reflects instability of the joint rather than failure of the implant’s fixation. Wear debris contributes to loosening, and infection can cause failure as well, but aseptic loosening remains the leading cause in most long-term failures.